PARENTS are being warned of the symptoms of Strep A and scarlet fever after a handful of cases have been reported locally.

In the latest data published by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), 851 cases of scarlet fever, caused by Strep A infections, were reported across the country in the week to November 27.

While usually a mild illness, there is some concern as this is an increase from an average of 86 cases reported in the previous years.

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A more invasive form of Strep A (iGAS) has also been reported across the country, with at least nine children reported to have died from the iGAS infection.

The UKHSA reported one case of invasive Strep A in Knowsley in the week to November 27, and five cases of scarlet fever.

No cases of iGAS have been reported in St Helens, while one scarlet fever case was reported in the week to November 27.

What is Strep A?

Group A Streptococcus is usually a mild but highly infectious illness that is treated easily with antibiotics.

In young people, it can cause scarlet fever which includes symptoms such as a sore throat, headache, fever, and a "sandpapery-feeling" pinkish or red body rash.

In very rare occasions, the bacteria can get into the bloodstream and cause an illness called invasive Group A strep (iGAS).

The bacteria is spread by contact with an infected person or contact with infected skin lesions.

UKHSA officials have suggested that a lack of mixing due to the Covid pandemic plus susceptibility in children are probably “bringing forward the normal scarlet fever season” from spring to this side of Christmas.

St Helens Star: One case of scarlet fever has been reported in St HelensOne case of scarlet fever has been reported in St Helens (Image: UK Health Security Agency)

What to look out for

The early symptoms of scarlet fever include sore throat, headache, fever, nausea and vomiting.

After 12 to 48 hours, the characteristic red, pinhead rash develops, typically first appearing on the chest and stomach, then rapidly spreading to other parts of the body, and giving the skin a sandpaper-like texture.

The scarlet rash may be harder to spot on brown or black skin, although the 'sandpaper' feel should be present. Patients typically have flushed cheeks and be pale around the mouth. This may be accompanied by a bright red ‘strawberry’ tongue.  

Advice from St Helens health boss

Ruth du Plessis, St Helens Borough Council’s Director of Public Health, said: “Group A Streptococcus is circulating across the UK, mostly in the form of scarlet fever.

"For most people scarlet fever is minor illness, but with this being highly infectious we are likely to see cases in St Helens in the coming days and weeks, mainly in children but adults can get it too. 

"During periods of high incidence of scarlet fever, there may also be an increase in outbreaks in schools, nurseries and other childcare settings.

"Children and adults with suspected scarlet fever should stay away from nursery, school, work until 24 hours after the start of appropriate antibiotic treatment.

"Good hygiene practice such as hand washing remains the most important step in preventing and controlling spread of infection.

If you think you, or your child, might have scarlet fever:  

  • contact your GP or NHS 111 as soon as possible  
  • make sure that you or your child take(s) the full course of any antibiotics prescribed. Although you or your child will feel better soon after starting the course of antibiotics, you must complete the course to ensure that you do not carry the bacteria in your throat after you have recovered  
  • stay at home, away from nursery, school or work for at least 24 hours after starting the antibiotic treatment, to avoid spreading the infection  
  • You can help stop the spread of infection through frequent hand washing and by not sharing eating utensils, clothes, bedding and towels. All contaminated tissues  should be disposed of immediately.  

It is very rare for children with scarlet fever to develop iGAS infection, but parents should be aware of the following and contact NHS 111 or your GP if:  

  • your child is getting worse  
  • your child is feeding or eating much less than normal  
  • your child has had a dry nappy for 12 hours or more or shows other signs of dehydration  
  • your baby is under 3 months and has a temperature of 38C, or is older than 3 months and has a temperature of 39C or higher  
  • your baby feels hotter than usual when you touch their back or chest, or feels sweaty  
  • your child is very tired or irritable  

Call 999 or go to A&E if:  

  • your child is having difficulty breathing – you may notice grunting noises or their tummy sucking under their ribs  
  • there are pauses when your child breathes  
  • your child’s skin, tongue or lips are blue  
  • your child is floppy and will not wake up or stay awake